Agree the test before equipment is built
A factory acceptance test (FAT) checks a system at the supplier’s facility; a site acceptance test (SAT) checks it after installation in its operating environment. The project team should define the purpose, test setup, people, parts, data and pass criteria for each stage before the contract is finalized.
Use the FAT to find design and software issues while the supplier can still correct them efficiently. The SAT should confirm site interfaces, utilities, safety functions and performance in the production context.
- Identify the exact hardware, software and tooling configuration under test
- Provide representative parts, samples and upstream/downstream signals
- State the required number of consecutive cycles or test duration and how results are recorded
Measure the process as well as robot motion
Robot path repeatability alone does not prove that a production cell meets its target. A meaningful acceptance test measures the complete process, including part presentation, gripping, vision, fixtures, communication and recovery from normal interruptions.
Define what counts as a good part and how cycle time is measured. State whether changeovers, replenishment, operator loading and planned stops are included or excluded.
- Cycle-time start and stop events, sample size and permitted variation
- Product quality, placement tolerance, scrap and rework criteria
- Tool changes, product variants, recovery, restart and safe-stop scenarios
Close out issues and capture the handover
Record each test result, deviation, owner and due date. Separate blocking failures from agreed punch-list items and state who can approve closure. Repeat failed tests under the same method after corrective work.
Before sign-off, check that the buyer receives approved drawings, manuals, validated backups, maintenance instructions, training and software access. Acceptance should close the agreed evidence package, not only demonstrate a successful cycle.
- Signed test record with configuration and measured results
- Open-item register with impact, responsible owner and closure date
- Final documentation, backups, training and support contacts
What is the difference between FAT and SAT for a robot cell?
FAT is conducted at the supplier’s facility before shipment; SAT is conducted after installation at the customer site. FAT checks the built system against agreed requirements, while SAT confirms installation, interfaces and operation in the actual environment.
Does a robot cell FAT need a cycle-time test?
If cycle time is a project requirement, define how it is measured and include it in the agreed acceptance plan. Use representative parts, signals and operating conditions, and document the test configuration and result.
Sources and further reading
- ISO 9283 — Robot performance criteria and test methods — Robot performance criteria and associated test methods.
- ISO 10218 — Robotics safety overview — Industrial robot safety standards; cell integration and validation scope should be defined for the project.
Technical descriptions link to published sources. Specifications can change; verify the current documentation before purchase.